Table 2. Foraging behavior of apple maggot fly females, subsequent egglaying propensity and percent mortality following feeding on untreated, fipronil-treated or imidacloprid-treated red wooden spheres. Foraging and egglaying behaviors were evaluated 1 hour after exposure to spheres.

Sphere treatment*

 Parameter measured
Females tested per treatement (no.)
Untreated
Fipronil
Imidacloprid

 Mean feeding time on spheres (sec.)**
 32
 596
 579
 363

Flies capable of foraging on tree (%) ***
32
100
91
44

 Mean foraging time (sec.)
 --
844
760
585

 Mean number of leaves visited
 32
 2.3
 1.6
 0.3

 Flies laying an egg (%) ****
 32
 61
 16
 6

 Mortality: 24 hours (%)
 32
 3
 28
 71

 72 hours (%)
 32
 10
 82
 83

* Treated spheres contained 2% active ingredient of insecticide in latex paint. All spheres were subjected to 3 weeks field exposure and then were re-treated with 20% sucrose solution just prior to testing.

** Maximum permited feeding time = 600 seconds.

*** Flies were placed individually on a small, caged tree. Numbers represent mean foraging time of flies capable of foraging. Maximum permitted canopy foraging time = 900 seconds.

**** Immediately after foraging, each fly was exposed to a hawthorn fruit. Maximum permitted time on fruit = 600 seconds.