Table 1. Azinphosmethyl insecticide applications, azinphosmethyl residues and AMF injury on fruit at harvest in blocks managed under first-level versus third-level IPM in five commercial apple orchards.
Orchard		Dates of azinphosmethyl applications		Dosage equivalent per applicationa	Azinphosmethyl residue at harvest (ppb)c	AMF injury (%)
First Level IPM Blocks	A	May June July August	20 3 20 2	1.5 1.0 0.25 0.25	N/Dd	0.0
	B	May June June July August	29 6 13 10 6	0.67 0.67 1.3 0.7 0.67	80	0.0
	C	May June June July July August	28 7 23 16 31 14	1.0 1.0 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.0	239	0.0
	D	June June August August	5 13 7 26	1.0 1.0 0.5 0.25	N/Db	0.0
	E	May June June June July August August	25 9 20 30 21 11 30	1.0 1.3 0.67 1.3 1.0 0.67 0.67	159	1.0
	Mean			4.37	96	0.2
Third Level IPM Blocks	A	May June	20 3	1.5 1.0	N/Db	2.0
	B	May June June	29 6 13	0.67 0.67 1.3	N/Db	0.0
	C	May June June	28 7 23	1.0 1.0 0.5	N/Db	0.0
	D	May June June	14 5 13	0.25 1.0 1.0	N/Db	0.0
	E	May June June June	25 9 20 30	1.0 1.3 0.67 1.3	N/Db	0.0
	Mean			2.83	N/Db	0.4
a One dosage equivalent = 8 oz. formulated azinphosmethyl per 100 gallons water. b Applications in May and June were made against plum curculio. c ppb: parts per billion. d N/D: not detected (detection limit = 40 ppb).