September, 2001, No. 17
Loss of a Friend and Farmer
Hugh Joseph, Coordinator, New Entry Sustainable Farming Project
John Ogonowski, of Dracut, was the pilot on American Airlines Flight
11 to Los Angeles that crashed into the World Trade Center in New York
City on September 11. At this time of immense tragedy, all our hearts
go out to his wife Peggy, to their three children and to other family
and friends. But it is also a time to remember John for his generous efforts
on behalf of farming in Massachusetts, and particularly for immigrant
farmers from Cambodia whom he assisted as part of the New Entry Sustainable
Farming Project.
John became involved with this project at its very inception over three
years ago, when Paul Fischer of Farm Service Agency in Westford contacted
him looking for land to make available for Southeast Asian families living
in nearby Lowell who wanted to farm. John recognized this immediately
as an opportunity to help a worthy group of beginning growers to practice
another kind of agriculture. He not only made land behind his home available
to these farmers, but White Gate became our first all-commercial "mentor
farm" - a training site for these beginning growers. In practice
he was involved in every activity on the farm involving this project.
He ploughed and harrowed the land and fertilized it with well-aged compost
he would have otherwise used for his own crops. He excavated a pond as
a water source, and set up an irrigation system connected to it and to
existing wells. He ordered materials and set up a greenhouse so the growers
could raise seedlings and do extended season production. He provided advice
to them on managing production, pest control, harvesting and other production
practices. He participated at project steering committee meetings; in
fact, he and Peggy hosted a number of these meetings at their beautiful
home where they would serve dishes made from their farm grown vegetables
and fruits in additional to other great foods.
All John Ogonowski was asked to do was to rent land to these growers,
which he did. But he'd rarely collect the rents and he did so much else
for the growers that took up his time and created out-of-pocket expense
for which he often never asked for reimbursement. John did all this while
he was a full time pilot for American Airlines, while he raised his own
crops on an additional 200 acres spread around Dracut, and while he helped
raise three wonderful children. He was a founder and active member of
a local land trust that has helped to save a substantial amount of local
farmland in Dracut from develop-ment.
This year, the land trust negotiated the purchase of about 50 acres of
land about a mile from his house. With much of John's own land out of
commission due to a major gas pipeline installation, he made this land
available to our project and because of that, a dozen Cambodian households
got a new start farming this year.
John was interviewed by Susan Shepherd of NPR's Living on Earth just
a few weeks ago. In that interview he talked at length about how much
he loved to farm and how he got involved with the immigrant farming program
because he wanted to offer an opportunity to others who also loved agriculture.
He praised the hard work of the participating Cambodian families and how
it meant so much to him to be able to offer them this opportunity.
John was a personal friend to many of us and a true friend to Massachusetts
agriculture - we will indeed miss him greatly.
John A. Ogonowski, was born in Lowell, Massachusetts in 1951. John had
a BS Degree in Nuclear Engineering and was an avid farmer. He had worked
with the former Deputy Secretary of Agriculture, Gus Schumacher, to secure
a plot of 150 acres of farmland on Marsh Hill Road in Dracut, through
the APR Program. John raised hay, corn, pumpkins, blueberries and peaches.
He worked actively in preserving open space in Dracut for future generations.
He was a pilot in the United States Air Force achieving rank of captain.
He was a Vietnam veteran who went to pilot train-ing in Texas and was
then assigned to Charleston AFBSC where he flew C-141. Captain John A.
Ogonowski was a mem-ber of the Allied Pilot Association, and flew a Boeing
767 aircraft for American Airlines for 23 years. John was an active member
in the Dracut Historical Society Board of Directors for the Massachusetts
Farm Bureau, and the Board of Direc-tors for the Dracut Land Trust, Inc.
among many other organizations. He participated in the Partners with Nature
IPM pro-gram and was active in the New England Vegetable and Berry Growers
Association.
Contributions in memory of John Ogonowski may be made to: Dracut Land
Trust, Inc. c/o Enterprise Bank and Trust Co., 1168 Lakeview Ave., Dracut,
MA 01826. (Source: Vegetable IPM Newsletter, Sept. 20, 2001, Vol. 12,
No. 18)
WTC Greenmarket Farmers Suffered Losses
Diane Eggert, Exec. Dir., Farmers' Market Federation of NY
On Tuesday, Sept. 11th, 2001, as the first plane hit the WTC in New York
City, approximately 25 market farm-ers had their produce displays set
up at the WTC Green-market at Church and Liberty Streets. These market
farmers come in from Long Island and upstate NY, NJ, PA and MA. The WTC
Greenmarket had opened as usual at 8 am. EST.
Our last report from Manhattan stated that all of the par-ticipating
farmers & their helpers escaped uninjured ˆ but most of them
lost all of their vehicles, displays, produce, cash and personal belongings.
The World Trade Center market was a two-day market that is now gone for
these farmers. In addition, other markets in Manhattan may remain closed
because of concerns about security risks, or because some of the public
areas where the green-markets were located have been taken over to be
used for other needs related to the search and rescue and investi-gation.
Insurance coverage for these losses is limited at best. Thus, farmers
are faced with overcoming the loss of their material goods at that same
time that they have lost their source of income.
The Farmers' Market Federation of New York has estab-lished a "Fund
for WTC Greenmarket Farmers". Contributions and donations can be
made to this fund at any time and all proceeds will be distributed to
those farmers affected by the tragedy at the World Trade Center. Please
write a check or money order payable to: "Fund for the WTC Greenmarket
Farmers" and send it to: The Farmers' Market Federation of New York,
2100 Park St., Syracuse, NY 13208. The website for The Farmers' Market
Federation of New York is www.nyfarmersmarket.com. Contribution information
and possibly other means to help these farmers will be posted there. (Source:
Vegetable IPM Newsletter, Sept. 20, 2001, Vol. 12, No. 18)
Strawberry Fall Check-List:
General: Flower bud initiation deep in the crown of the plants is happening
now, determining next years yield. So, maintaining good plant health into
the fall is important. In addition to keeping up with the fertilizer program,
suppressing leaf diseases improves the ability of the plant to carry on
photosynthesis and store starch in the crowns. Don't let leaf spot or
powdery mildew get ahead of you. Narrow the rows to about 12" and
culti-vate the alleys in fruiting fields and new plantings for the last
time before mulching. Plant winter rye in plowed down fields as soon as
possible in order to get good es-tablishment and growth before winter.
Nutrition: Nitrogen fertilizer should be applied to bearing beds in early
September to bring your seasonal total up to 100-120 lbs/acre. Most growers
apply about 70-80 lbs of nitrogen on at renovation. The fall application
should provide another 30-50 lbs (more on soils with low organic matter
content). This stimulates good root growth in the fall and supplies nitrogen
needed for flower bud initiation. New fields need to have a total of 80
- 100 lbs/acre of nitrogen with about 40 lbs applied in the fall. Ammonium
nitrate (35% N) is a good fertilizer for the fall application.
If your leaf tissue analysis shows deficiencies in magne-sium or boron,
early fall is a good time for foliar applica-tions of Epsom salts (15lbs/100gal/acre
for magnesium) and Solubor (3lbs/100gal/acre) for boron. Don't make these
applications on hot humid days, however, or phyto-toxicity could result.
Read the labels.
Weeds: Weed management in the early fall is limited to cultivation and
hand weeding/hoeing. The only herbi-cide you should consider using is
Poast™ for controlling grasses. Poast™ will only work on relatively
small grasses. Big clumps of crabgrass will have to be pulled by hand.
However, quackgrass can be knocked down by cultivation or mowing and then
treated with Poast™ when new growth is less than 6" high. One
note of cau-tion; Poast™, which is used with a crop oil surfactant,
can injure strawberry foliage in cold weather. I would recommend its use
as a spot treatment at this time of year rather than a broadcast treatment
of the whole field. Weed management later in the fall can include applications
of preemergent materials such as Devrinol™ and Sinbar™ and will
be discussed in next month's issue of Berry Notes.
Diseases: Clean up severe infections of leaf spot and powdery mildew.
Healthy leaves are important at this time of year to supply the plant
with the energy to pro-duce flower buds for next year's crop and to store
energy in the roots for the first flush of growth next spring. Ap-ply
Ridomil Gold™ or Alliette™ in September or early October in
areas where Red Stele has been identified. It is best to apply these materials
when the soil is begin-ning to cool but before heavy fall rains begin.
Insects: Check fields for infestations of leafhopper or aphids. Generally,
plants can take a fair amount of feed-ing by these insects, but heavy
infestations can be a problem. And, aphids in particular, can vector virus
dis-eases and should not be allowed to build up especially when they are
in the winged form and can disperse to other fields.
Raspberry Fall Check-List
General: Encourage hardening off of canes in sum-mer bearing varieties of
red and black raspberries and blackberries by avoiding nitrogen fertilizers
and supple-mental watering at this time. Do not remove spent flori-canes
until later in the winter unless they are signifi-cantly infected with disease.
Fall bearing raspberries can still benefit from irrigation in dry weather
to help main-tain fruit size. Early varieties like 'Autumn Bliss' are starting
to run out while 'Heritage' is still going strong, although fruit size has
dropped off from the early pick-ings.
Nutrition: Based on soil and tissue test results, apply non-nitrogen
containing fertilizers and lime as needed. For example, Sul-Po-Mag or
Epsom Salts can be applied now so that fall rains can help wash it into
the root zone for the plants.
Weeds: Now is a good time to do a weed survey and map of problem areas,
so that you can use this informa-tion do develop an effective management
strategy. A late fall application of Casoron (dichlobenil) for preemergent
control of broadleaf weeds next spring should be made only when temperatures
are below 40°F, preferably just before rain or snow.
Diseases: Fall bearing raspberries can suffer fruit rot problems due
to increased moisture present in the plant-ing (more frequent precipitation,
longer dew retention, longer nights) late in the growing season. The majority
of this fruit-rot is Botrytis cinerea, gray mold. Control options are
limited. Captan is not labeled for use on brambles. Benlate can not be
used in PYO plantings. Ronilan has lost its registration for use in brambles
ef-fective July 15, 2000. Rovral remains with a 0 day phi, but resistance
is a concern if this product is overused. Frequent harvesting and cull-harvesting
are the best practices, but are expensive and impractical in many cases.
Thinning canes in dense plantings can also help.
Scout summer bearing brambles to look for powdery mildew and treat if
necessary. See the New England Small Fruit Pest Management Guide for recommended
materials and rates. If Phytophthora root rot has been identified in a
field, treat the affected area with Ridomil Gold™ or Alliette™
in September or early October. This timing is important to get the material
in place in the root zone before the onset of cool wet weather (and soil)
in the fall.
Insects: Now is the time to check plantings for crown borers. Adults of
this pest look like very large yellowjacket, but is actually a moth. They
are active in the field in August and September laying eggs. Scout the
fields for crown borer damage by looking for wilting canes. This symptom
can also indicate Phytophthora root rot, so when you find a plant with
a wilting cane (or two), dig up the plant and check the roots for brick
red discoloration in the core of the roots (phytophthora) or the presence
of a crown borer larvae in the crown. Rogue out infested crowns and eliminate
wild bramble near the planting, since they will harbor more of this pest.
Insecticide applications can be made to the canes in October and to the
crowns (in a drench application) in early spring. See the New England
Small Fruit Pest Management Guide for details.
Highbush Blueberry Fall Check-List:
General: As with raspberries, blueberry plants should be encouraged to
harden off for the winter. This means no nitrogen fertilizer at this time.
Flag bushes that show premature reddening of leaves compared to others
of the same variety. This can be an indicator of infection with virus
or other pathogens. If you haven't done it already, make some notes on
observations from this year that might be helpful in coming years (e.g.,
variety perform-ance, sections of the field that did well or poorly, how
well some practices worked, or didn't, etc.). Relying on memory isn't
always accurate enough. Nothing can re-place a detailed field history
when trying to diagnose problems.
Nutrition: Hold off on any nitrogen fertilizers. Based on leaf tissue
tests and soil tests, sulfur, lime, and some fertilizers can be added
now. Apply these before fall rains begin and also before adding any supplemental
mulch to the plants.
Weeds: As with other small fruit crops, now is a good time to do a weed
survey and map the weed problems in your planting. This information will
be very useful in tailoring your weed management plant so that is effec-tive
and not wasteful. A late fall application of Casoron (dichlobenil) for
preemergent control of broadleaf weeds next spring should be made only
when temperatures are below 40°F, preferably just before rain or snow.
Diseases: Weak plants can easily be detected this time of year because
they tend to turn red earlier than healthy bushes. Upon finding weakened
bushes, try to determine the reason for weakness. Is the root system damaged?
If so, is it likely from a disease infection or root damage by voles or
grubs? If the roots are healthy, could a crown borer (Dogwood borer) be
the culprit? Or is stunt disease the cause? Or Scorch? Accurate diagnosis
is the first step in resolving the problem and avoiding spread. Enlist
the help of specialists if you have trouble deter-mining the cause of
problems.
Insects: The main worry now is for sharp-nosed leafhopper which is the
vector for stunt disease. If you have determined that you have bushes
infected with stunt disease in your planting, an application of malathion
to the infected bushes and any immediately surrounding bushes should be
made to control leafhoppers BEFORE removing the infected bushes. Failing
to do this will likely cause the spread of the disease to clean bushes
even after infected bushes have been removed.
Grape Fall Check-List
General: Harvest is underway for early varieties and sparkling wine.
Check fruit for sugar, acidity and pH twice weekly to keep track of ripening.
Nutrition: Apply only lime and non-nitrogen contain-ing fertilizers at
this time according to soil and petiole analysis done earlier in the year.
Contact me for more information on petiole analysis.
Weeds: As with other small fruit crops, now is a good time to do a weed
survey and map the seed prob-lems in your vineyard. This information will
be very useful in tailoring your weed management plan so that it is effective
and not wasteful. A late fall application of Casoron (dichlobenil) for
preemergent control of broad-leaf weeds next spring should be made only
when tem-peratures are below 40°F, preferably just before rain or
snow. Should only be used on well established vines.
Diseases: Powdery and downey mildew and Botrytis bunch rot can be problems
at this time. Generally ber-ries are less susceptible to black rot this
late in the sea-son. Don't forget to control the mildews even after har-vest,
if there is a significant level of infection in the vineyard. Failure
to control it now can effect overwin-tering and productivity next season.
Insects: Now is the time to assess the effectiveness of Grape Berry Moth
management practices used this year. Evaluate each block for low, medium,
or high levels of infestation this year, taking note of hot-spots within
blocks. This will be the first step in your risk assessment protocol for
next year.
Manage Grapevine Canopy for Better Grapes, Less Disease
Tony Wolf, Virginia Cooperative Extension
Grape producers in Virginia frequently deal with situa-tions where grapevine
canopies are excessively dense. The resultant shade and increased humidity
result in in-creased disease, and decreased fruit quality.
Much can be done to avoid this situation, but the activity must start
early in the season, before shade and its atten-dant problems develop.
An entire chapter in the Mid-Atlantic Winegrape Grower's Guide (MAWGG
- http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/resources/winegrape/) is de-voted to this topic.
This article will highlight the major considerations for purposes of review.
Shoot Thinning
For most varieties, our experience suggests that good canopy architecture
is achieved with a shoot density of around five shoots per foot of canopy.
One common ex-ception to that rule of thumb is for Seyval, whose abun-dant
fruitfulness dictates a shoot density of three to four shoots per foot
of canopy to limit crops (often with addi-tional cluster thinning) to
five or six tons/acre with non-divided training systems. With appropriate
pruning, the need for shoot thinning can be minimized; however, we still
usually remove one or two shoots per foot of canopy in this process.
When: Start when shoots are six to 12" long and when flower clusters
are apparent, and after the threat of spring frost; complete two weeks
before bloom (about the end of May in northern Virginia) if possible.
Shoot vascular connections to older wood become lignified at or shortly
before bloom, making their removal more difficult after bloom.
What to remove: For cordon-trained, spur-pruned vines - remove the distal
shoot(s) of multi-shooted spurs. In other words, try to retain shoots
closer to the cordon to serve as spurs in the following year. Where the
option exists, remove non-fruitful shoots, unless crop reduction is part
of your strategy. Retain non-fruitful shoots, how-ever, that might be
in a position to serve as a spur in the following year. An example would
be a base shoot originating directly from the cordon. This strategy helps
to keep the one-year-old, fruiting wood close to the cor-don. The thinning
can be done on a per vine basis, or per foot of canopy basis. I find it
easier to simply focus on one foot of cordon at a time (five shoots) and
not worry about the number of shoots per vine.
Divided Canopy Vines
For GDC and lyre, hold to the same concept of about five shoots per foot
of cordon. Thin the upper 180° of the GDC cordon in preference to
those shoots that are al-ready angled down.
Young Vines
Remove shoots from trunks if 50% or more of cordon is developed. Unless
the shoots break cleanly, use pruners to remove, avoid stripping the bark.
Shoot Positioning
We position shoots in an attempt to uniformly distribute the leaf area
over the available trellis space and to promote the formation of our intended
training system. Thus, vertically shoot-positioned (VSP) training is not
VSP unless the shoots are vertically trained upright above the cordon
(or cane). A combination of foliage catch wires and manual "tucking"
are usually used.
When: As shoot length warrants. On VSP systems, the first set of catch
wires is typically at 10 to 18" above the cordon. When the majority
of shoots are at or above this point, the first round of positioning is
done. Wait too long and the cordon (or cane) may rotate and shoots will
be pointing down, or to the side. Trying to turn such shoots back up to
a vertical plane results in a vase-shaped canopy; undesirably wide through
the fruit zone, and narrowing through the catch wires. Some use movable
catch wires to help position shoots. The wires are "parked"
beneath the cordon during the winter, and pairs (either side of trellis
posts) are brought up to a fixed position above the cordon, bringing the
shoots into a vertical plane in the process.
Divided Canopy Systems
It isn't GDC (Geneva Double Curtain) unless the shoots are positioned
downward on both curtains. Start a week or two before bloom, raking the
shoots out and down. Wait a week if significant shoot breakage occurs.
Repeat the positioning about two weeks after the first round. If you wait
too long after bloom, the tendrils will intertwine shoots, and significant
shoot breakage will occur if you attempt to position the shoots. Timing
is everything. A two-stage process seems to facilitate the operation.
The first stage, two weeks or so prior to bloom, is aimed at getting the
intended downward-orientated shoots out of their upward habit. Do not
attempt to orient the shoots to the 180° position in one move; it's
easier to move them to the 90° or 270° position now, and then
come back at or just after bloom to further "encourage" them
to the downward plane.
Two Grower Tips
Lee Sandberg from Loudoun County, Virginia pointed out the need to time
sprayer or other vineyard equipment traffic to avoid having to move in
the vineyard when the shoots are hanging out - before shoots have been
fully positioned into their downward plane.
Dick buttons at Ivy Creek illustrated "fenders" mounted on
tractors to deflect the shoots, avoiding snagging or pinning by tires.
Polyethylene water pipe work well for this (it bends before the tractor
bends!).
Leaf Pulling
Selective and judicious removal of leaves in the fruit zone aids fruit
drying, reduces disease incidence, and may improve fruit composition through
reduced acidity and improved color. Leaf pulling can also lead to sunburning
and excessive acid reductions if overdone, so "selective" is
an important qualification.
When: First, don't pull leaves unless you feel your canopies will benefit
from it. If leaf layer number is in excess of two, and a majority of fruit
clusters are hidden by foliage, there may be a compelling reason to pull
some leaves. If so, try to accomplish the leaf pulling within the first
four to six weeks after fruit set - roughly the end of July with northern
Virginia Chardonnay.
How Many: What's your goal? If you're trying to re-duce acidity in a
variety like Norton, then maybe pulling all leves in the fruit zone to
maximize fruit exposure is desirable. Excessive exposure of some varieties,
how-ever, can lead to undesirably increased phenolic levels.
The goal shouldn't be to completely denude the fruiting zone. Our research
vineyard at Winchester has north-south oriented rows. We typically only
pull leaves from the east side of the canopy. This maintains some leaf
cover on the west side and reduces the potential of sun-burn from intense
sun during the heat of the day.
Shoot Hedging
Effective with shoot positioned canopies, hedging pre-vents elongating
shoot tops from shading the fruit zone of VSP or lyre-trained vines. There's
not much point in hedging high-trained vines, unless you're concerned
about shoot tops being caught by machinery tires.
When: Before shoot tops begin to shade the subtending canopy. In wet
years, such as 2000, you may need to top shoots two or three times. Alternatively,
you might get away with a single topping in a dry year. Heavy hedging
after veraison can lead to lateral regrowth which may di-vert carbohydrates
from fruit clusters.
How much: Key is how many leaves to retain. Retain about 15 leaves per
shoot. (Source: The Fruit Growers News, Sept. 2001)
General
End-of-Year Weed Scouting
A. Richard Bonanno, UMass Extension
It is worthwhile to take the time to check your fields for weed problems
at this time of year. A quick scouting can alert you to problems that
will be expensive to solve if they get out of control and can give you
clues that will help you in designing your weed management program for
next year.
Things to look for when you scout:
How Many? How dense are the weeds? If weeds are very dense, they may
be having an impact on your yields. This is especially true if these weeds
emerged early in the season, when competition is greatest. If weeds come
into your field during the period of greatest crop growth, you may want
to consider changing your weed management program.
Which Weeds? Identifying weeds can help you identify potential problems
before they get out of hand, and can help you decide if you need to modify
your weed control program. Weeds like yellow nutsedge, hedge bindweed,
and quackgrass are spreading perennials, which have un-derground parts
that enable them to spread throughout whole fields. Because these weeds
can be very damag-ing, and are very difficult to control, they are worth
"nipping in the bud." In addition, keep an eye out for annual
weeds which are new to your field or increasing in numbers. Some weeds
can be very difficult to control in some or all of the crops in your rotation.
Galinsoga, for example, is hard to control in cole crops, peppers, and
squash. Nightshades are difficult to control in toma-toes for growers
who rely on herbicides for control, be-cause they are in the same family
as tomatoes. Velvet-leaf is hard to control in sweet corn. Spot treatment
with Round-up, or hand pulling or hoeing, is worthwhile to eradicate small
patches of particularly threatening weeds.
What worked? It is also useful to look at the whole field and evaluate
the effectiveness of your weed control efforts. If some weeds are generally
escaping, identify them. They may point to weaknesses in your herbicide
or cultivation program. If mostly grasses, or mostly broadleaves are escaping,
it may mean you need to adjust either the rates or the timing of your
grass or broadleaf herbicides. You may also find the New England Vegetable
Management Guide useful. This manual contains a chart listing the effectiveness
of vegetable herbicides on most of the common weeds in New England. You
can use this guide to find an herbicide labeled for your crop which might
give better control.
Where are the weeds? Weeds in the rows or planting holes are much more
damaging to crop yields than between-row weeds. Weeds in rows may be an
indication that cultivation equipment needs adjustment, or cultivation
needs to be done earlier. Mapping weedy spots, and keeping some kind of
permanent record of weed surveys, can help you evaluate your weed management
over the years.
What to do now? Once crop harvest and weed scouting is compete, disk
or till the fields to destroy existing annual weed growth and to reduce
or prevent weed seed dispersal. If perennial weeds such as bindweed or
quackgrass are present, consider an application of Roundup before cold
weather arrives. Time spent on these tasks now will greatly improve your
level of weed management next season.
(Source: Vegetable IPM Newsletter, Vol, 12, No. 17)
2002 UMass Garden Calendar Available Now!
American Beauties in the Garden
This year's UMass Garden Calendar focuses on American Beauties in the
Garden, highlighting a continuing trend in horti-culture toward the increased
use of plants of North American origin in the garden. Here in New England,
we live in the eastern deciduous forests but within this region, there
are many different plant habitats - meadows, marshes, mountains, up-lands,
and sand plains, among others. Many plants indigenous to other areas of
the country are adaptable to a much larger area than where they grow wild.
Most American Beauties blend well with the introduced plants that already
grace our gardens and many that are featured in the calendar are readily
available from nurseries and garden centers throughout Massachusetts and
New England.
The spectacular pictures are complemented with important daily gardening
tips to keep your gardens growing through the season, such as:
- when to plant peas
- how to manage lawn grubs
- pest monitoring information
- sunrise/sunset times
- phases of the moon
New this year are lists of plants recommended for specific growing conditions.
The bulk rate on orders of 25 or more is $4.25/each (plus shipping).
To order single copies, send $8.50 (checks payable to UMass) to UMass
Extension Bookstore, Draper Hall, 40 Campus Center Way, Amherst, MA 01003-9244.
Bulk orders are available. Credit cards are NOT accepted.
For more information, call (413) 545-2717.
Meetings
Plasticulture and High Tunnels Short Course
October 24 and 25, 2001
Clayton, (southern) NJ on. Registration is $60 for one day, $100 for both
days. For more information contact Michele Infante-Casella of Rutgers
Extension at 856-307-6450 or minfante@aesop.rutgers.edu
New England Vegetable and Berry Growers Association
November 3, 2001
Portsmouth, New Hampshire - morning program to focus on bramble production.
For more information, contact Dominic Marini at 508-378-2546
Greenhouse and Garden Retailers Expo 2001
November 13, 14, 2001
Best Western Royal Plaza Hotel, Marlborough, MA
For more information, contact Tina Smith at 413-545-5306
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